Sovereign Default risk in the Euro zone A further look at a possible Dissertation

Sovereign Default hazard in the Euro zone A further gander at a potential exit - Dissertation Example The subsequent models which were shown up at utilizing the forward stepwise technique breezed through different integrity of-fit assessments just as different trial of the criticalness of coefficients. This shows the two CDS spread and Debt/GDP proportion improved the model’s prescient force on account of the Euro zone while CDS spread was the main noteworthy factor for Cyprus. Trial of the model utilizing in-test and out-of-test information shows that it is fit for anticipating default and non-default with a serious extent of exactness. 1.0 Introduction Sovereign default has been available in world economies since forever. One of the nations that have defaulted in the past is Argentina. Frequently, it is a similar arrangement of nations that are constantly in this condition of financial emergency. The 2008 budgetary emergency has been depicted as one of the most exceedingly awful to be felt in this advanced age since the Great Depression of 1933 (Your reference here). Its bel ongings are as yet in progress and nations around the globe are attempting their most extreme to keep up money related strength. One of the freshest money associations and the most remarkable on the planet; the Euro-Zone, thusly makes an intriguing examination. One of the absolute most significant occasions that went before the spiraling downturn in the 2008 money related emergency is the Lehman Brothers disappointment on September 15, 2008. Before the 2008 money related emergency, the sovereign Credit Default Swap (CDS) showcase was not as critical as corporate CDS markets. This was because of the generally steady standpoint of created countries inside the Euro Block and the apparent insignificant default hazard related with these nations. Because of the Lehman Collapse, and other continuing money related institutional disappointments, huge misfortunes overall were brought about, which had overflow impacts in the long run influencing whole economies. This brought about negative ram ifications for financial specialist certainty and a decrease of credit in the market. The bailouts for these banks by the individual governments must be made conceivable by causing monstrous measures of obligation (Dieckmann and Plank 2011). This drove Governments to expanded danger of sovereign default and a worldwide reassessment of credit hazard. Thusly, CDS in the sovereign market turned out to be exceptionally fluid as the vulnerability of these countries turned into an issue, inferring an expansion in sovereign credit hazard. Since 2012 the Euro zone has been portrayed by extending emergencies in a few nations, some of which have endured what is depicted as specific default. These emergencies have been described by increments in CDS spread, expanded Debt/GDP proportion and high security yields. This has prompted FICO score organizations, for example, Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s offering appraisals to a portion of these nations that demonstrate to financial sp ecialists the dangers related with government securities. Notwithstanding Cyprus and Greece, a portion of the nations that have gotten theoretical appraisals incorporate Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Latvia, Estonia, Portugal and Spain (Bloomberg 2013). Concerns have been raised that the evaluations given by FICO assessment offices are problematic as the default appraisals for Greece in 2012 and Cyprus in 2013 came after the occasion. The point of this examination is to assess the danger of sovereign default in the Euro zone and furthermore to build up an econometric model that is equipped for foreseeing default before the occasion happens. This would be extremely advantageous to

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Governmental issues - Essay Example World has been changing tremendously scarcely taking a gander at harm it is been doing to the earth. The natural parity of the planet has been destructed incredibly because of the mechanical waste and carbon emanation from transport framework. The main world nations have contaminated the planet profoundly and it is amusing that similar nations urge underdeveloped nations to eliminate contamination. Some have even reprimanded that feasible improvement is inciting the world to step back to pre present day style of living. â€Å"Sustainable Development is frequently an over-utilized word, yet goes to the core of handling various between related worldwide issues, for example, neediness, disparity, hunger and ecological degradation† (Shah, 2010).This thought emerged from different development for shielding the nature and condition from an earlier time. This idea gives distinctive significance to various individuals and we can see that parcel of nations have different arrangements which empower ecological manageability. The maintainable advancement has been given more significance since the rise of an unnatural weather change issue which has undermined the world recently. A worldwide temperature alteration has been a wonder which has brought a lot of eye foreheads up as of late. It is an expansion in the planets temperature since twentieth century and its continuation. The expansion of Greenhouse gas has prompted the detoriation of the ozone layer .Scientist have discovered that the carbon outflow have prompted the making of opening in the ozone layer. â€Å"Under the George W. Shrub organization, the USA government surrounded environmental change as a danger to center monetary interests, scrutinizing the logical reason for constraining CO2 discharges. Numerous political pioneers in Washington concurred with this†(Humphreys,Pg. 44).Even however an extremely positive vibe can be seen among governments little is seen towards the training. Coal and oil utilization have made hard for the US economy to cut the carbon outflow. On the off chance that the rich and

Process of How Trees Absorb and Evaporate Water

Procedure of How Trees Absorb and Evaporate Water Water for the most part enters a tree through the roots as a natural side effect and any disintegrated mineral supplements will go with it upward through the inward barks xylem (utilizing hairlike activity) and into the leaves. These voyaging supplements at that point feed the tree through the procedure of leaf photosynthesis. Thisâ is a procedure that changes over light vitality, as a rule from the Sun, into synthetic vitality that can be later discharged to fuel a life forms exercises including growth.â Trees gracefully leaves with water due to a decline in hydrostatic or water pressure into upper, leaf-bearing parts called crowns or overhangs. This hydrostatic weight contrast lifts the water to the leaves. 90% of theâ trees water is in the long run scattered and discharged from leaf stomata. This stoma is anâ opening or pore that is utilized for gas trade. They are generally found on the under-surface of plant leaves. Air additionally enters the plant through these openings. The carbon dioxide noticeable all around entering the stoma is utilized in photosynthesis. A portion of the oxygen created is utilized in breath through vanishing, into the air. That valuable loss of water from plants is called transpiration. Measures of Water Trees Use A completely developed tree may lose a few hundred gallons of water through its leaves on a hot, dry day. A similar tree will lose almost no water on wet, cold, winter days, so water misfortune is legitimately identified with temperature and stickiness. Another approach to state this is practically all water that enters a trees attaches is lost to the environment yet the 10% that remaining parts keeps the living tree framework sound and looks after development. Vanishing of water from the upper pieces of treesâ especially leaves yet additionally stems, blossoms and roots can add to a trees water misfortune. Certain tree species are increasingly effective in dealing with their pace of water misfortune and are typically found normally on drier destinations. Volumes of Water Trees Use A normal developing tree under ideal conditions can move up to 10,000 gallons of water just to catch around 1,000 usable gallons for the creation of food and adding to its biomass. This is known as the transpiration proportion, the proportion of the mass of water happened to the mass of dry issue delivered. Contingent upon the proficiency of the plant or tree species, it might take as meager as 200 pounds (24 gallons) of water to 1,000 pounds (120 gallons) to make a pound of dry issue. A solitary section of land of backwoods land, over the span of a developing season, can include 4 tons of biomass yet utilizes 4,000 tons of water to do as such. Assimilation and Hydrostatic Pressure Roots exploit pressures when water and its answers are inconsistent. The way to recollect about assimilation is that water streams from the arrangement with the lower solute focus (the dirt) into the arrangement with higher solute fixation (the root). Water will in general move to areas of negative hydrostatic weight slopes. Water take-up by plant root assimilation makes a progressively negative hydrostatic weight potential close to the root surface. Tree roots sense water (more positive water potential) and development is coordinated towards water (hydrotropism). Transpiration Runs the Show Transpiration is the vanishing of water from trees out and into the Earths climate. Leaf transpiration happens through pores called stomata, and at a vital expense, dislodges of quite a bit of its important water into the air. These stomata are intended to permit the carbon dioxide gas to trade from air to aid photosynthesisâ that then makes the fuel for development. We have to recollect that transpiration cools trees and each life form around it. Transpiration likewise assists with causing that monstrous progression of mineral supplements and water from roots to shoots which is brought about by an abatement in hydrostatic (water) pressure. This loss of weight is brought about by water dissipating from the stomata into the environment and the beat goes on.

Recommended Reads for High School Freshmen

Suggested Reads for High School Freshmen These are an examining of the titles that regularly show up on secondary school perusing records for ninth grade, as they energize autonomous perusing and are composed at a level fitting for a secondary school first year recruit. Writing programs fluctuate by secondary school, yet the books on this rundown are significant acquaintances with writing. Maybe generally significant, these works can assist understudies with creating more grounded perusing and investigation abilities that theyll be required to approach all through their optional instruction, just as in school courses. Suggested Works for a ninth Grade Reading List All Quiet on the Western Front - Erich Maria RemarqueAnimal Farm - George OrwellBlack Like Me - John Howard GriffinBury My Heart At Wounded Knee - Dee BrownThe Good Earthâ -Pearl S. BuckGreat Expectations - Charles DickensGreat Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe - Edgar Allan PoeThe Heart Is a Lonely Hunter - Carson McCullersHound of the Baskervilles - Arthur Conan DoyleI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya AngelouIliad - HomerJane Eyre - Charlotte Brontà «The Little Prince - Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ryLittle Women -  Louisa May AlcottLord of the Flies - William GoldingNine Stories - J. D. SalingerOdyssey - HomerOf Mice and Men - John SteinbeckThe Old Man and the Sea - Ernest HemingwayA Separate Peace - John KnowlesSlaughterhouse-Five - Kurt VonnegutA Tree Grows in Brooklyn - Betty SmithTo Kill A Mockingbird - Harper LeeThe Yearling - Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings

Job Satisfaction with Staff Development-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the Staff Development Impact on Job Satisfaction among Bank Employees in UAE. Answer: Presentation Globalization and mechanical coming have prompted broadening, which prompted organizations offering merchandise and enterprises across national limits. Most necessary asset of an organization is human asset on which an organization has huge measure of dependence(Judge, 2008). Turnover and truancy among staffs and workers have been seen as high with organizations that don't make any move with staffs and representatives. Figure 1: Job Satisfaction with Staff Development Banks in UAE have been confronted with major serious dangers from globalization and opening up of business sectors with remote banks coming in. While outside banks offered its workers with monstrous extent of advancement and preparing, banks in UAE however refreshed their frameworks, concentrated on representatives or staffs creating themselves exclusively. They permitted brief breaks and furthermore paid leaves for overhauling their insight, aptitudes and ability levels. In any case, these banks didn't attempt any in-house preparing or improvement that can prompt staff development(Aziri, 2011). The extent of this examination is centered around two theory, invalid speculation (H0) being staff advancement didn't have any effect on work fulfillment and substitute theory (H1) being staff improvement impacts work fulfillment levels. The examination is directed across 50 recorded banks in UAE. Representatives and staffs were taken from a few parts of these recorded banks and afterward exa mine strategies were applied to show up at discoveries for the examination. Writing Review A concise investigation of significant literary works is pertinent for directing investigation of any kind. A writing study looks at appropriate diaries, articles, books and other web hotspots for framing significant contributions to the investigation. So as to inspect association between staff improvement with that of employment fulfillment a few appropriate literary works have been utilized for the investigation. In the area of authoritative brain research, work fulfillment contains the most indispensable space that talks about business related attitudes(Huey Yiing, 2009). Human capital hypothesis examines important writings that help set up connection between staff improvement and preparing with that of occupation fulfillment. In spite of the fact that there are a few existing literary works, there are no relevant discoveries to characterize connection between staff improvement with that of occupation fulfillment. Subsequently, the extent of this investigation targets filling exis ting hole between these significant literary works for showing up at discoveries with respect to the examination. S. Aydogdu (2011) article, An observational investigation of the relationship among work fulfillment, hierarchical duty and turnover aim. In the International survey of the executives and showcasing, volume 1(3), pages 43 gives applicable understanding into building up an interface of staff advancement with that of occupation fulfillment (Aydogdu, 2011). The extent of this article characterizes that workers on whom there were interest concerning work preparing and advancement, remain longer with the association and have higher occupation fulfillment levels. Thus, associations that don't include in staff developement have higher paces of worker turnover and non-attendance rates(Joo, 2010). Another pertiennt article in the space of M.L.G. Griffin (2010), Job inclusion, work pressure, work fulfillment, and authoritative duty and the burnout of restorative staff. In the Criminal Justice and conduct, volume 37(2), pages 239 to 255(Griffin, 2010). This article stresses on the significance of worker improvement and preparing rehearses, which empowers people to pick up information and furthermore overhaul abilities to creating compet itive measures. Representative advancement is progressively being perceived as a significant angle for giving profession improvement openings and to progression arranging. Occupation fulfillment is a very much looked into business related variable that is appeared to contrarily affect representatives without staff development(Bright, 2008). It can bring about a bothersome beahviour as non-attendance and turnover. Understanding representative viewpoint comparable to a specific activity has been accepeted as a significant thought that produces work fulfillment. An article that clarifies the factor in a more prominent manner is by H.O.Lee (2008) Factors affecting employment fulfillment of bleeding edge nurture directors: an orderly audit. In the Journal of nursing the executives, volume 16(7), pages 768 to 783(Lee, 2008). Relationship variable that connections work fulfillment to factors in which worker can contribute contain Training and Development and Employee inspiration. While worker inspiration is a significantly more muddled variable, the idea of improvement can be comprehended and applied in a superior component. Association as banks that have adjusted another framework, needs to build up its staffs and workers is a simpler comprehended truth contrasted with an association needs to inspire its employees(Vandenabeele, 2009). I.Ycel (2012) article, Examining the connections among work fulfillment, hierarchical responsibility, and turnover goal: An experimental investigation. In the International Journal of Business and Management, volume 7(20), page 44(Ycel, 2012). The extent of this article features the few factors that can highten authoritative duty inside representative. While investigating different variables it was handily comprehended that staff and representative advancement can enormously contribute in worker to accomplish their hierarchical destinations and furthermore expanding productivity(De Gieter, 2011). The essential point of recorded banks in UAE is to accomplish its efficiency by upgrading level of execution. Expanding level of execution can prompt representatives acting in an orineted way towards its objective and destinations. Accordingly, it becomes fundamental that representatives tsrive towards organziational objectives in an inspired manner ina very much characterized way. Improveme nt permits representatives effectively accomplish those objectives with clear characterized goals, decreasing their degrees of stress(Valentine, 2008). Accordingly, lessening representative wear out and accomplishing their objectives effectively can permit them to be exceptionally happy with their employments. Research Questions So as to show up at proper discoveries with respect to the investigation, the accompanying exploration addresses should be answered(Kafetsios, 2008). The accompanying examination addresses will likewise help show up at the speculation for the investigation. Research Question 1: What are the quantifiable and subjective components identified with work fulfillment? Research Question 2: What are the variables (gainful or some other) in which representatives in UAE banks are slacking? Research Question 3: How can representatives in recorded banks in UAE be roused (inborn or outward)? Research Question 4: What are the effects from staff improvement on bank representatives in UAE? Research Question 5: In what ways are staff improvement connected to work fulfillment? Proposed Methods The examination will be directed utilizing research poll that members in the investigation should round out. The examination configuration will guarantee bit by bit consummation of the procedures of the investigation. Right off the bat, the researcher will find out research strategies that will be utilized alongside relevant research philosophy(Yang, 2008). Explorative way of thinking will coordinate the necessities of the examination, henceforth questions will be planned for getting subtleties from members. Members will be conveyed surveys post getting consent from them and their branch heads. At that point poll will be made to round out through email and gift system. A member can choose approach to answer the survey as per his comfort. Hence, examine instrument utilized for information assembling in the examination will involve poll from different strategies accessible as perception, review and different techniques. Structure The researcher will target utilizing research plan that is generally fit to the examination. From explorative, clear, prescient and informative research structure, the researcher will target choosing explorative plan with the end goal of the examination. In explorative research structure the researcher will target diagnosing and dissecting realities in extraordinary detail contrasted with other research strategies. Members The examination will be directed utilizing staffs and workers structure the recorded banks in UAE. With the end goal of the examination, the researcher will focus on 200 members, among which 100 will be utilized to gather information. Consent for leading the investigation with respect to their input will be gotten preceding directing to the examination. Members who need to react to the surveys I n the nitty gritty arrangement may be approached to round out structure with the end goal of the investigation. An assent structure for acquiring authorization from every member will be gotten. Essential choice measures for members will remember their work for one of recorded bank in UAE. The workers should be in any event 5 years of age in the framework to be oppressed preparing or formative ventures. Members will be matured 25 years to limit of 40 years old. They will generally have a place with mid administrative profiles. Test size: The investigation intends to take at least 100 members for directing its procedures. In any event 200 workers from the bank will be focused on, and afterward assent will be gotten from every one of them among which 100 members were chosen. The determination standards for incorporation of the competitors will be for the most part subject to their age and profile of partaking. Members just the individuals who concur and give their assent will be in the examination. This will guarantee that moral rules are followed suitably in the examination and clung to. Materials: This area every pertinent material that will be utilized for leading methods of the investigation. With the end goal of this investigation, survey will be utilized in printed arrangement and email design. A few members will be messaged the poll for documenting them up while most partici

Deaf Community Mental Health and Barriers to Care

Deaf Community Mental Health and Barriers to Care Basics Print Deaf Community and Mental Health Care By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Updated on September 30, 2019 Universal Images Group / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming The deaf community struggles daily with stigma, prejudice, and communication, but thats not all: medical studies have found that deaf people suffer from mental health issues at about twice the rate of the general population, and also have real problems accessing needed mental health services. The mental health issues common in the deaf community include depression, anxiety and severe illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mental illnesses are compounded in the deaf community by difficulties communicating with care providers â€" researchers have found that lip-reading isnt adequate, interpreters who know sign language are scarce, and many diagnostic tools depend on knowledge thats not common among those who are deaf. Mental Health in the Deaf Community Lots of people have some hearing loss â€" between 15% and 26% of the population, according to one study. But its a different issue to be profoundly deaf, especially if you became deaf before you had a chance to learn spoken language. About seven in every 10,000 people fall into this category, and most regard themselves as a cultural minority that uses sign language instead of spoken language. Struggles to function in a hearing world can lead to mental health issues. In one study involving hearing-impaired individuals, some 41% said they believed that communication problems coupled with family stresses and overall prejudice could cause or contribute to suicidal depression, substance abuse or violent behavior in some cases. Other studies have found that about one-quarter of deaf students have learning difficulties, developmental delay, visual impairment, or autism. Deaf children who have trouble communicating with their families are four times more likely to be affected by mental health disorders than deaf children who have few or no problems communicating with family members. Bullying of deaf children also may be common at school, and deaf boys and girls are much more likely to be victims of sexual assault. Communication Needed, but Scarce Mental health services are difficult for deaf people to access. One small study involving 54 people found that more than half hadnt been able to find mental health services that they, as deaf people, could use. In addition, psychiatric conditions such as mood disorders are frequently under-diagnosed in the deaf community, in large part due to communication difficulties that include: few experienced interpreters between English and sign languageproblems in translation between spoken and sign languagedifferences in how deaf people display feelings and perceive mental health Reading and writing arent an adequate substitute for spoken language in this context. Hearing loss interferes quite a lot with vocabulary, and so many deaf high school graduates read and write at a grade-school level. In addition, lip-reading is far from 100% accurate â€" the average deaf adult can lip-read only 26% to 40% of speech. How to Access Mental Health Services Because of these communication problems, the majority of participants in one study of deaf individuals found that the deaf preferred a deaf professional to provide them with mental health services. In addition, experienced interpreters are very important ... but theyre only the first step in helping the deaf access adequate mental health services. Issues with time are important in diagnosing mental disorders â€" questions such as Have you experienced difficulty sleeping for one month or more during the past year? or for six months or more? are common. However, these concepts are hard to describe in sign language, as are phrases such as feeling on edge. Finally, questions in diagnostic interviews that rely on the knowledge of what its like to hear pose real difficulties: How does one ask someone whos been deaf his whole life if he has been hearing voices? Differences Important to Recognize Mental health providers must also learn how to recognize and address the differences in how a deaf individual displays feelings and expressions from those who are hearing. For example, someone who is deaf may pound on the floor to get attention. While this is considered aggressive by those who can hear, it is actually quite accepted and normal within the deaf community. Also, while strong emotional displays are pretty much frowned upon in the hearing community, members of the deaf community count on the vivid expression of emotion to convey meaning. As a matter of fact, one study found that clinicians often labeled rapid signing as a symptom of psychotic behavior rather than the change of mood that was actually indicated. And, there are few signs within sign language that can account for subtle changes in mood. What Can Be Done to Help the Deaf Community? A research study of cultural and linguistic barriers to mental health found that many deaf people have a fear of being incorrectly committed because they are unable to communicate with the staff. One participant is quoted as saying, Even if I were just asking for directions at the information desk [of a psychiatric hospital], miscommunication could lead to my being committed mistakenly ... I dont want to go there, even for a visit! This study further indicated that participants felt professionals erroneously consider a nominal level of communication to be adequate. One practitioner looked at bipolar disorder in patients who had become deaf before they learned to speak, and found that those making diagnoses often emphasized appearance over documented symptoms and other information. While it will be difficult to solve these problems, some solutions are possible. Hearing-impaired people should be encouraged to consider careers in the mental health field, and mental health professionals should secure more translators to work with the mentally ill. The National Association of the Deaf notes that deaf people have the right to push for referrals to mental health professionals who have experience working with those who are deaf or are hard of hearing. The organization also says that deaf people have the right to communicate in the language and mode of communication that is effective for you, and to clearly understand the diagnosis and recommendations for their treatment. Clinicians who have little or no experience working with the hearing-impaired should use extreme caution and seek second opinions when diagnosing the deaf. In addition, research and effort are needed to bridge the language barriers which now make it so difficult to communicate.

Assisted Suicide A Right or a Wrong - Free Essay Example

In recent years, there has been some controversy about doctor assisted suicide, the legalities and morality of letting a person choose to die, helping them to do so due to a physical inability to end their own lives. Many states have specifically outlawed this practice, with only a small fraction putting laws on the books that frees a doctor from criminal prosecution for ending a patientrs life upon their request. Although currently legal in just 6 states, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Oregon, Vermont and Washington Any other state would bring charges of various degrees against a medical professional for acting upon the wishes of a patient if that patient wanted to be medically terminated. The majority of states that have outlawed this is because of a multitude of reasons. Religious beliefs vary widely, but often, state suicide in any form is to be condemned. Professional codes of conduct, under the goal to always save a life if they are able, is an ethical belief that rings personally true to many in the medical field. Due to the conflicting beliefs, individual state has made it a point to put an end to the practice of assisting patients in seeking death. It is no unknown fact that death is an inevitable part of human life. Although the average lifespan of a human is seventy-nine years, there are unfortunate events that could shorten the average lifespan. Illnesses along with accident can come at any given time and most humans are not prepared for it. In some instances, these illnesses come with no cure, or way around it, leaving the patient to suffer in pain and agony during their last few moments of their lives. Is there no other way to have patients leave peacefully and on their own terms? Assisted suicide is one of, if not only, the other option some patients have available to them. Unfortunately for them, they do not always have the chance to choose that option. However, if that is their wish, why are there reasons to not allow them to do so? Who has the authority on what a person should do when it comes to terminating their illnesses and their reasons why? Euthanasia is defined as the administration of drugs with the explicit in tention of ending a patientrs life, at the patients explicit request. Physician assisted suicide definition is defines as the prescription or supply of drugs with the explicit intention of enabling a patient to end his or her own life. (Board of the Royal Dutch Medical Association. Vision on euthanasia. In: Euthanasia in the Netherlands [5th ed]. Utrecht: Royal Dutch Medical Association, 1996: 24-56.) Aims to make patients lives better, but to realize how beneficial it is, it is important to understand how this idea came about, how it is affecting current lives, and how it can be beneficial in the future. Physician assisted suicide should be legal. Individuals should be able to make the choice to end their life under medical care. Religious views should not determine how one decides to end their life, when under extreme circumstances. When it comes to mental health and the patient wanting the rights to death with dignity, there should be a team of medical professionals to review the request and make a plan to allow patients to opt out of living and make their own medical decisions for themselves. Such a team should include mental health specialists, that can assess the patient in the process of evaluation and a care plan, including something that acts as a living DNR, (do not resuscitate) in cases of terminal illness. There are several different theories and conceptual ideas that surround the morality and legality of assisted suicide. One such idea is that if someone is diagnosed with a terminal illness and given 3 -6 months to live and they are of mind to clearly make the decision to administer meds prescribed by a licensed physician to end their life, they should have the right to do so. The research, peer reviews and documentary along with statistics will be from the campus library online. The research will show why we should in fact respect their dying wish, be by their side and help them release the pain. Who has the right to judge? God? How is it fair for strangers to judge what a terminal patient and their families have decided to do with their own lives, bodies and mind? Im not saying just anyone should be able to go to a doctor, have access to a prescription and end their life for non-terminal health reasons or because they are having a bad time seeking a quick fix to end it in the moment . A question I have, is how much counseling, if any, do the individuals have to go through to ensure itrs a stable decision. Death can be beautiful, if done correctly by giving adequate time to plan with a thoughtful process. Assisted suicide can be a beautiful thing for the person thatrs making the decision and able to plan it all out and leave the world in peace. How lucky could one be to ease the pain, the burden and go out in peace? I will be looking into the states and other countries that have legalized it and see how many cases there are and how the process goes. Such as the requirements for being eligible, legalities, and how itrs administered. I also want to investigate the controversy with organized religion and why its they think itrs okay for their God to decide when itrs your time to go? Did God not already make that decision when the individual was diagnosed with a terminal disease and was told theyd have no quality of life? Let them decide when they have had enough an d allow them to die with dignity. Oregon was the first state to legalize physician-assisted suicide (Death with dignity act) in November 1994. Due to a lawsuit filed, the act did not go into effect for some time. In fact, the HR-4006 lethal drug abuse prevention act of 1998 was passed on Aug 4, and blocked Oregon from being able to perform assisted suicides. However, in 1998 Oregonrs health commission decided to include the physician assisted suicide on the prioritized list of services available. Other states soon followed. In 1996, the Supreme Court in Ohio ruled it was not a crime and advocates in Michigan, petitioned to put the legalization of the practice on the ballot. Many religious groups believe that God gives and takes life and the choice is not our own. (KRUG, PENNY. Where does physician-assisted suicide stand today? AORN Journal, Nov. 1998, p. 869. General OneFile, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A53268435/ITOF?u=mcc_pvsid=ITOFxid=1aa7aca2. Accessed 21 Oct. 2018). I do not understand why the state of Oregon is not able to make that decision, if the people vote for it then let them have it. If the proper steps that the state enforced are being followed, it should be acceptable. In Seattle, 1994, a group of physicians and advocacy groups successfully challenged the law banning assisted suicide. (Compassion in Dying v. Washington, 79 F.3d 790 (9th Cir 1996). Also, in May of 1996 the WSMA convened a 13-physician end of life task force to look further into how the process would look. When finished, they decided that you would have to follow practice guidelines, procedure requirements, monitoring and have more than one doctorrs approval. (Van der Maas PJ, van Delden JJ, Pijnenborg L, Looman CW. Euthanasia and other medical decisions concerning the end of life. Lancet 1991; 338:669-674, Miller FG, Quill TE, Brody H, Fletcher JC, Gostin LO, Meier DE. Regulating physician-assisted death. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:119-123, Baron CH, Bergstresser C, Brock DW, et al. A model state act to authorize and regulate physician-assisted suicide. Harvard J Legislat 1996; 33:1-34). (McGough, Peter, et al. Physician-assisted suicide: finding common ground. The Western Journal of Medicine, June 1997, p. 394+. Academic OneFile, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A19587370/AONE?u=mcc_pvsid=AONExid=60764a23. Accessed 21 Oct. 2018.) Mental illness is also spoken about and how one should not be able to make that decision if they have depression or other mental health related illness. When it comes down to it, why should a court or religion have the power to dictate personal decision? My argument is that if an individual is diagnosed with a disease that will, in fact, take their life at some point and cause unfathomable amounts of pain, weakness and depression, with no cure or quality of life please for the love of your God dont dam someone for wanting to let go. When one is diagnosed isnt that enough suffering? When youre not able to get up walk and enjoy life with your loved ones whatrs left of your life? I have never really been the religious type but respect others, I also didnt put much thought into this subject. Will our justice system keep listening and researching and become empathetic to the idea? If other countries and states have legalized it and? Letrs expand the debate and look at the current era and the crisis its facing. While reading an article on the letters and biography of early 20th century author Charlotte Perkins Gilman, who took her life on August 17, 1935 by inhaling a lethal dose of chloroform and passed peacefully after battling breast cancer for three years. She did leave a suicide note and it stated; When all usefulness is over, it is the simplest of human rights to choose a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one (Living 333) Charlotte also kept a journal through her journey. She also studied western tradition of death and dying. Gilman believed that death with dignity is a human right and I would have to agree; our bodies are our own. Most times we can plan where we get buried, if we want to be cremated, where the services will be, all the way down to the flowers and people that will be attending. If we can make the decisions of what we do after we pass, then why cant we decide when and how we pass on our terms. Although her family was supportive, they were still saddened not only by her choice to end her own life but for the pain and suffering she will no longer endure. I was moved and inspired by her writings and the courage it took to make the decision in a time that it was not acceptable let alone talked about. It took me to a place of understanding and respect for the sick and dying. The healthy and strong ones rarely understand the pain and agony of a terminal illness which is understandable. (Knight, Denise D. The Dying of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. ATQ: 19th century American literature and culture, vol. 13, no. 2, 1999, p. 137. Academic OneFile, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A55266783/AONE?u=mcc_pvsid=AONExid=eb18956f. Accessed 21 Oct. 2018) Now I would like to touch base on Doctor Jack Kevorkian, who was also called The Doctor of Death. Some see him as a monster and some a hero, he admitted to assisting in 28 suicides from 1990-1996. Each patient had their own illness some not terminal nut debilitating, crippling and no real quality of life. The one thing they all shared was a sense of suffering that was so bad they ended their own lives. When it came to the patientrs relatives, they were not upset at Kevorkian for assisting their family members in suicide, he was seen as a hero to them for aiding in the peaceful, painless ending of their lives. Kevorkian charged no fees to assist and shunned the media only to explain his position. He did not let the courts detour him either in his own words I dare you to stop me. My feelings on Doctor Jack Kevorkian and his actions are supportive in many ways, h didnt just kill the patients, he assisted after being asked to end their suffering. (Roberts, John, and Carl Kjellstrand. Jac k Kevorkian: a medical hero. British Medical Journal, 8 June 1996, p. 1434. Academic OneFile, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A18423313/AONE?u=mcc_pvsid=AONExid=b4fafea4. Accessed 19 Nov. 2018). Personally, I do not see a problem with someone wanting to take their life while in an end of life phase of discomfort. It is impossible to imagine the pain they are in. I have experienced a similar situation myself where my mother was diagnosed with a terminal illness. When the disease decided it was done with her, it took on an aggressive state that gave very little time for planning. After watching what she went through in the stages of her death, I will never be able to get the images and details out of my head. Knowing that if she had the option to take her own life medically, she may have made that choice I would have given her my full and deserved support. Being consumed with pain and suffering is not how we should exit this world. Letrs embrace patients who are leaving this world and give them the dignity and respect they earned while living, despite what brought them to their last breaths. Works cited Compassion in Dying v. Washington, 79 F.3d 790 (9th Cir 1996) Knight, Denise D. The Dying of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. ATQ: 19th century American literature and culture, vol. 13, no. 2, 1999, p. 137. Academic OneFile, KRUG, PENNY. Where does physician-assisted suicide stand today? AORN Journal, Nov. Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Bregje D, and Gerrit van der Wal. A protocol for consultation of another physician in cases of euthanasia and assisted suicide. Journal of Medical Ethics, Oct. 2001, p. 331. General OneFile, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A79396280/ITOF?u=mcc_pvsid=ITOFxid=46269df9. Accessed 19 Nov. 2018. Roberts, John, and Carl Kjellstrand. Jack Kevorkian: a medical hero. British Medical Journal, 8 June 1996, p. 1434. Academic OneFile, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A18423313/AONE?u=mcc_pvsid=AONExid=b4fafea4. Accessed 19 Nov. 2018. Van der Maas PJ, van Delden JJ, Pijnenborg L, Looman CW. Euthanasia and other medical decisions concerning the end of life. Lancet 1991; 338:669-674, Miller FG, Quill TE, Brody H, Fletcher JC, Gostin LO, Meier DE. Regulating physician-assisted death. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:119-123, Baron CH, Bergstresser C, Brock DW, et al. A model state act to authorize and regulate physician-assisted suicide. Harvard J Legislat 1996; 33:1-34). (McGough, Peter, et al. Physician-assisted suicide: finding common ground. The Western Journal of Medicine, June 1997, p. 394+. Academic OneFile, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A19587370/AONE?u=mcc_pvsid=AONExid=60 764a23. Accessed 21 Oct. 2018.)

The United States Banking Sector - 1562 Words

As a capitalistic society, the United States banking sector has flourished ever since the chartering of its first bank, Bank of North America in 1781 (Smith). Historically, banking has brought on significant industrialization in the United States, enabling our nation to stand among the most powerful today. However, the current United States national debt is at $19.2 trillion, and every second it is increasing exponentially (â€Å"U.S. National†). How did we manage to fall into such a dark abyss of financial debt? Poor banking, continuous deregulation of the banking sector, riskier and higher leveraged investments, sub-prime mortgage loans, and fraud. These are all factors which have led our economy to collapse over and over again. In this mess†¦show more content†¦This increase of focus on finance can only be promising for our country and I hope it can positively impact our economy for many generations to come. If I were a financial analyst, what would my typical day at work look like? Well, my primary focus would be to provide financial institutions and individual’s advice on making investments. My advice would come from my personal assessments of stocks, bonds and various other tools for investment. Many analysts work 60 hours a week or more compared to the usual 40 hours per week for many other professions (â€Å"Summary†). Most of my day will be consumed by meetings with other analysts, to collaborate on data research. Throughout my day, as long as the stock market is open, I will be executing buy/sell orders on stocks and bonds. Oftentimes, most financial institutions will have certain strategies for managing their risk, therefore, I will need to follow these guidelines. Once the stock market closes at 4pm, I am likely to attend more meetings, where I will explain my investment decisions of the day. The demand for my assistance at work will determine when I end my day. The general culture among financial analysts is to grab dr inks after work with colleagues. Most often, this period after work is an opportunity to network with other working professionals (Ingall). From my typical day, we can see some positives and negatives

Trance Dance of the San

The trance dance, which is still practiced by San communities in the Kalahari region, is an indigenous ritual by which a state of altered consciousness is achieved through rhythmic dancing and hyperventilation. It is used for healing sickness in individuals and healing negative aspects of the community as a whole. The trance dance experiences of San shaman are believed to be recorded by southern African rock art.    San Healing Trance Dances The San people of Botswana and Namibia were formerly known as Bushmen. They are descended from some of the oldest surviving lineages of modern humans. Their traditions and way of life may be preserved from ancient times. Today, many have been displaced from their native lands in the name of conservation, and they may be unable to practice their traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle. The trance dance is a healing dance for individuals and the community as a whole. It is their most prominent religious practice, according to some sources. It can take several forms. Many adults, both men, and women become healers in San communities. In one form, the women of the community sit around the fire and clap and sing rhythmically while the healers dance. They sing medicine songs that they learn from their youth. The ritual continues all night long. The healers dance in counterpoint to the rhythm in single file. They may wear rattles attached to their legs. They dance themselves into an altered state, which often includes feeling a great deal of pain. They may scream in pain during the dance. Upon entering the altered consciousness through the dance, the shamans feel healing energy awaken in them, and they are careful to channel it to those who need healing. They do this by touching those who have sickness, sometimes generally on their torso, but also on body parts that are affected by the illness. This can take the form of the healer drawing the illness out of the person and then yelling to eject it into the air. The trance dance can also be used to draw away community ills such as anger and disputes. In other variations, drums may be used and offerings may be hung from nearby trees. San Rock Art and the Trance Dance The trance dance and healing rituals are believed to be depicted in paintings and carvings in caves and rock shelters in South Africa and Botswana. Some rock art shows women clapping and people dancing as in the trance dance ritual. They are also believed to depict rain dances, which also involved trance dancing, capturing a rain dance animal, kill it in the trance state and thus attract rain. San rock art often depicts Eland bulls, which is a symbol of curing and the trance dance according to Thomas Dowson in  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Reading Art, Writing History: Rock Art and Social Change in Southern Africa.† The art also shows hybrids of humans and animals, which may be representations of healers in the trance dance.

Polymerase Chain Reaction Essay - 1003 Words

One may view cloning as copying a living thing and producing multiple copies. People may think of cloning rabbits, sheep or humans. In the field of molecular biology, however cloning is viewed at a genetic molecular level, where a piece of DNA is copied on a large-scale by genetically copying tens to hundreds of thousands of identical DNA fragments. Researchers are developing new methods of cloning by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was introduced in the 1980s and in recent years Kary Mullis won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his invention of PCR. Today, Scientists today are researching the various sub-fields of cloning, using PCR, in new ways using terminators, enzyme insertion, and types of cloning to produce high†¦show more content†¦This article also explain how polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most powerful amplification technology available for producing large quantities of DNA from a sample (Mullis et al. 2006). The scientists also tested thermo sta ble DNA polymerase and found Thermus aquaticus Polymerase (Taq) is the best for polymerase chain reaction. PCR is composes of three steps; denaturation, primer annealing, and polymerization. In the denaturation step, the target DNA is separated into two stands through heating, the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases, yielding single stands of DNA. In the annealing step, the temperature is decreased to anneal the primers. In the polymerization step, the template DNA is used by Taq polymerase to produce a complementary copy by extending the primers from their 3’ ends of the DNA. The development of thermo stable polymerases based on Taq, T4 DNA, and pfu polymerase, revolutionized PCR and converted it to a technique that can be used routinely in any lab. In respect to molecular biology, cloning has been the center for branching out new technologies in the topic to cloning. In Cloning and analysis of PCR-generated DNA fragments (Coasta et al. 1994), had explored the five main methods for cloning. They include, restriction enzyme site incorporation, T/A cloning, Uracil-DNA-gylcosylase cloning (UDG), ligase independent cloning, and blunt ended cloning. Each of the five many cloningShow MoreRelatedThe Reaction Of Polymerase Chain Reaction1823 Words   |  8 PagesPolymerase Chain Reaction: Polymerase chain reaction, also known as PCR, a technology that has made a tremendous impact on researchers, and has also affected many aspects of our everyday lives. The introduction of recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized the study of life as a tool for the biological sciences. Molecular cloning allowed the study of individual genes of living organisms; however there was dependence of obtaining a relatively large quantity of pure DNA. Scientists found it extremelyRead MorePolymerase Chain Reaction ( Pcr )1564 Words   |  7 PagesMBB/BIO 181 | Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Name: Teresa Naval INTRODUCTION Scientifically, why is the study of Alu insertions interesting? (10 pts) Alu insertions are biological tools that can trace human history, evolution, and migration. In particular, Alu is often used to understand prehistory because all primates (including humans) with Alu insertions at specific locations can be traced to common ancestors [3]. Alu is sometimes referred to as a â€Å"jumping gene† because it copies itselfRead MoreDna Sequences Using Polymerase Chain Reaction1605 Words   |  7 PagesAmplification of 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequences using Polymerase Chain Reaction Edwina Abou Haidar, Houssam Al Koussa, Mary AbedAlAhad. Department of Biology, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon Abstract The 16s rRNA gene sequencing is a widely common amplicon sequencing method used to identify and compare bacteria in a given sample. This method is well established and allows to study phylogeny and taxonomy of complex microbiomes. In this study, an unknown sample of extracted microbialRead MoreEssay What is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe polymerase chain reaction or PCR for short can be used to create many copies of DNA. This allows the DNA to then be visualized using a dye like ethidium bromide after gel electrophoresis. The process has been refined over the years, however the basic steps are similar. The first is to denature dsDNA through heating to ~96  °C. This separates the two strands of DNA. The exact temperature to be used can be calculated with Tm = 4oC x (no. of G C) + 2oC x (no. of A T). Tm is the melting pointRead MoreLab Report : Bacillus Subtilus Using A Polymerase Chain Reaction1903 Words   |  8 Pages The purpose of this experiment was to amplify the ÃŽ ±-amylase gene in Bacillus subtilus using a polymerase chain reaction. Bacillus subtilus is a gram-positive bacterium that resides in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of animals and primarily uses aerobic respiration for survival (Yu et al., 2015). Due to it’s ability to take part in the fermentation process, B. subtilus can produce large amounts of the ÃŽ ±-amylase enzyme which is responsible for catalyzing the digestion of polysaccharides, suchRead MoreA Short Note On A Polymerase Chain Reaction ( Pcr ) Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesMy longest ongoing project began in October 2014 under the guidance of Dr. Daniela Vergara, a postdoctoral researcher of the CGRI. Dr. Vergara guided another undergraduate student and me to troubleshoot a protocol for a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The objective of improving this protocol was to analyze phylogenetic relationships between local samples by amplifying and comparing a regi on of Tetrahydrocannabinol Acid (THCA) Synthase Gene. My colleague and I had applied for the Undergraduate ResearchRead MoreDna Barcoding Using Coi For Species Identification For Conservation1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe DNA Barcoding is becoming more popular in the present times due to its accuracy in the identification of different species. It has been approved to be more accurate than other taxonomic methods. The DNA Barcoding employs in the use of Polymerase Chain Reaction to magnify the COI gene. The amplified COI genes of the organisms are sequenced and compared with a known database of the organisms. The DNA Barcoding aids in understanding many characteristics of the species. These characteristics of theRead MoreEssay on Using PCR and Gel Electrophoresis to Determine Genotype583 Words   |  3 PagesGel Electrophoresis to Determine Genotype In certain situations, it is necessary to identify DNA retreived from a sample. When there is a small sample in need of identification, Polymerase Chain Reactions are used to multiply the DNA in the sample in to many identical samples. The DNA retrieved from the reaction can then be imported into an aparatus using gel electrophoresis to compare the sample of DNA to other samples. In our experiment we learned the how to replicate tiny samples of DNARead MoreAbstract. Taq Polymerase Is Essential In Polymerase Chain1446 Words   |  6 Pages ABSTRACT Taq Polymerase is essential in Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) experiments to obtain a PCR amplification of an unknown gene. The unknown gene is then ligated into a vector plasmid, which is placed in a bacterium Escherichia Coli to transform and multiply. Ultimately, identification and characterization of the unknown gene is done using electrophoreses and gel imaging. Cloning techniques such as the one performed have been used for many years to isolate genes from a variety of species.Read MoreA Segment Of The Will Die Slowly Gene From Drosophila Melanogaster1688 Words   |  7 PagesHarden’s lab at Simon Fraser University using random PCR primers. Attempts at purifying and characterizing this gene have been elusive. Here, we show methods for isolating, amplifying, and purifying the gene of interest for analysis. Using polymerase chain reaction to amplify the gene, it is then ligated into a pGEM-T Easy vector for TA cloning experiments. Transformation for further vector prolif eration is done on competent Escherichia coli cells. Subsequently, the vector is purified through plasmid

Analysis Of The Poem The Mahabharta - 1560 Words

Abstract:The greatest Indian epic, â€Å"The Mahabharta† has resonated in the collective imaginations for millenniums owing to its universal themes. Having given the world the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, an abbreviated version of the Ramayana, and the Rishyasringa, often considered as works in their own right, it is basically a story of men pursuing power and men who have wronged and have been wronged with. By virtue of this content, the author has tried to put forth her take on the grey characters of Mahabharta. Keywords:Pandavas, Draupadi, Bhagwat Gita, Krishna, Duryodhana 1. Introduction Mahabharata has been an oft-cited Indian epic for its grey portrayal of characters, their foibles and the unique codes of righteousness it preaches. The story came into existence as conceived by the medieval saint Tulsidas, and spread by word of mouth for centuries thereafter. The first and most noted English text on Mahabharata has been â€Å"Mahabharata† as written by C. Rajagopalachari which is the central focus of discourse here. A lot has been said about the anecdotes, preachings and characterisation of the folklore Mahabharata at various social platforms and literary articles. For those of the opinion that the original Mahabharata is just a story from the standpoint of Pandavas; there are various other texts like Rashmirathi and Mrityunjay (Mahabharata in Karn’s perspective) and The Palace of Illusions (Draupadi’s perspective of turnings) for reference and takes on less focussed

How Archduke Franz Ferdinand was Assasinated Free Essays

Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, has been assassinated along with his wife, at the age of 65, while he was invited to travel to Bosnia in order to observe military manoeuvres and open the state museum in Sarajevo. Although he was aware of the many dangers of such an act, the Bosnians desperate fervour for independence and the many terrorist organizations intent upon destroying our government; his love of the low-class wife blinded him. He was permitted to be seen in public with his beloved wife only while acting as â€Å"Military inspector† which was what brought him to set out on these types of trips. We will write a custom essay sample on How Archduke Franz Ferdinand was Assasinated or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Serbian Military Intelligence was most intent upon this assassination, due to their highly arrogant and crafty ambitions: to take over Bosnia which we have rightfully acquired. It was, therefore, not a surprise when we received first-hand reports proving it was the Serbian Intelligence who were directly responsible for backing the particular group of terrorists who committed these acts. However this did not detract from Franz Ferdinand’s foolish actions, which as you will see were in sharp contrast to our honourable and wise King’s decisions, when he visited Bosnia: First of all King Franz Joseph had policemen around the streets to protect him, whereas Franz Ferdinand had less than 120 policemen to protect him. King Joseph kept his itinerary top secret, far from the view of suspicious organizations, whereas Franz Ferdinand had his whole itinerary published in the media. On top of that he chose to ride in the â€Å"Grif Stift† roofless, with his feathery hat sticking out of the vehicle. After brief inspections of the military barracks, the archduke’s first stop was the Town Hall via Sarajevo’s main road, the Appel Quay. Unknown to the distracted police forces, six young men were lined up across the Appel Quay with Weapons supplied to them from the Serbian Intelligence. Although 5 out of 6 of the assassins did not respond when the procession passed them, Nedeljko Cabrinovic did. He hurled a hand grenade at the archduke†¦ ut he had hit it faster than was required. Moreover it bounced off the back of the vehicle the Archduke was riding in and it blew up on the car behind the archduke’s. After realising the situation, the driver accelerated, thus causing Princip to miss his first chance of assassination, and the procession reached the town hall. Here the Archduke cancelled the remainder of his program and advised his officials to utilise a different route to the one already advertised. Unfortunately he forgot to inform the chauffeurs, which would cost him his life. Gavrillo Princip, already dying from Tuberculosis and determined to die as a martyr, was thrown into deep confusion after his group had failed their assassination. He was on his way home when he spotted the vehicle†¦ He stepped forwards, fired two shots at the Archduke and waited. The first shot struck the archduke in his neck, cutting off his jugular vein, rendering his bullet proof covering useless while the second shot hit the duchess in her abdomen. The archduke’s last words were, â€Å"Sophie dear! Sophie dear! Don’t die! Stay alive for our children! â€Å". It was thus that his love for his low-class wife bought his death†¦ How to cite How Archduke Franz Ferdinand was Assasinated, Papers

Diana in the Docks free essay sample

She was arguing that her privacy had been breached when Bryce Taylor, the manager at her gym, set up a camera in the ceiling and took photos of her using the leg press and sold the photos to the Mirror. ? Defendant: Bryce Taylor was the defendant. He was in fact being represented by Geoffrey Robertson himself. Robertson was assigned y the court to be Taylor’s lawyer to try and make sure the trial was as fair as possible. Robertson believed that the gym was as public as could be and that anyone could have taken photos from outside the street, so what difference did it make that they were taken inside the gym. ? â€Å"LA Fitness (the gym) comprised one giant room†¦ so that everybody could see everybody else. The leg-press machine that Diana used was in front of a vast glass wall looking onto a public thoroughfare†¦ she had not objected when children pressed their noses to the glass and exclaimed, ‘Look at the Princess of Wales! ’† On the other hand, he raised the point that she could have been entitled to at least a little bit of privacy, that the manager â€Å"owed Diana some measures of consideration†. We will write a custom essay sample on Diana in the Docks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ? Robertson argued that Diana was mostly to blame for the potential breach in privacy and should have been more careful with her action and known that she would not have privacy in such a public place.. Many people saw her there everyday, so what difference did it make if the images of her working out were frozen and replicated in a newspaper. â€Å"Offering her honorary membership†¦ by saving 500 pounds/year she weakened her claim that he owed her confidentiality, because she had not paid for any. † â€Å"She acquired no enforceable rights against covert photography. The Mirror had depicted what dozens of members had seen with their own eyes, and what children has seen when they gawked through the window. † ? Robertson explains how Taylor sought advice before taking the photos so he could be sure there was no law against it ? â€Å"He had gone to see a leading solicitor who told him hat since there was no protection for privacy his actions were not illegal and on that assurance he had gone ahead. † ? â€Å"Diana had been the victim of a dirty trick which provided windfall profits to undeserving people. But could she, and if so, should she, sue? † – Robertson’s opinion is that Taylor should not have done what he did even if it wasn’t illegal and was just a â€Å"trick†. The rhetorical question demonstrates a shift in tone and prepares the reader for the detail of the case that was to come. ? Could the Justice Game be won convincingly and without damage to herself† Justice comes at a price when it really shouldn’t because the person receiving justice is in the right and should not have to pay in any way for that. ? â€Å"I might have preferred to act for the princess. † shows Robertson’s personal opinion. Suggests he may have struggled to argue for Taylor because he didn’t truly believe he was right. But did this matter? † Rhetorical question shows shift in perspective; takes recount from defending Taylor to defending Diana. â€Å"But Diana wanted privacy only when it suited her. † has. As a popular figure, she really doesn’t have a choice over the privacy and yet she wants to control it. ? This is almost insulting fame and the influence it â€Å"Of privacy which requires protection not because of any contract or confidentiality or fiduciary relationship, but by reason of our humanity. † This is related to the preface when Robertson says that â€Å"this book argues for humanity† ? whole book and into this case as well rehearse for her cross examination† theatre metaphor has been continued throughout. We have become much more concerned about free speech violations than privacy violations: the former attack the undivided attention of human rights organisations while the latter are rarely condemned† This means that free speech and privacy cannot work ? together and the laws must be specific to the situation to determine which one has been breached to a higher degree. ? There was a deal done between the parties which paid Taylor to not go to court and which saved Diana from any embarrassment. The case never went to trial.

Business Research Literature Review

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Literature Review. Answer: Introduction In this assignment, a comprehensive literature review had been developed for the business research proposal related with topic study and analyze marketing tools and tactics used by Coles Supermarkets, Australia. There were some major topics included in this literature review section. They were such as overview of the Australian retail industry, Global Retail Business, consumer demand and ideas of independence groceries. The main hypotheses of this literature review section is to analyse the effectiveness of marketing tools and tactics used by Australian retail companies compare to global retail companies. It had been assumed that Australian retail market is still growing and it can be improved by modifying the marketing tools and techniques used in this industry. Topic 1 Australian retail market Hypothesis: H0: Australian retail market has a steady growth in the market H1: Australian retail market do not has a steady growth in the market It has been found that Australian retail market is growing rapidly. The retail market of Australia has increased by 3% in accordance to the current value terms in 2016[1]. Although, the growth is positive, it had been analyzed that the growth rate had become slower than 2015[2]. The main reason behind the slower rate of growth of Australian retail market is that Australian customers remain cautious about their spending during the whole year due to low level of income growth. The customer good subdivision of Australian retail market has struggled with critical retail conditions over the last five years. It had been found that volatile consumer sentiment and weak growth of economy due to fluctuating financial market had developed tensed time for the subdivision operators. In addition, it had been found that there was continuous fall in the retail demand in Australia for video games, photographic equipments, books, newspapers, stationary goods and footwear[3]. However, online retailing or internet retailing of Australia had reached a relatively steady rate. In the year of 2016, it had been found that the online retailing has outperformed store-based retailing is Australia. Due to the increase importance of retail presence across different channels had influenced Australian retailers like Woolsworth and Wesfarmers to increase investment on multichannel retailing[4]. They started to focus on online business presence. They started to use social media like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube for promotion and advertisements. It had been analyzed that the trend of consumer demand of Australian retail market favored the convenience offered by online retailing. Aggressive expansion of Aldi indicates the continuous growth of this industry[5]. Wesfarmers is considered as the largest retailer in Australian in the year of 2016. The company is presently leading across different categories of retailing. The value growth of the company Wesfarmers is highly driven by the strong performance is categories like office supply stores, home and garden, mass merchandisers and forecourt retailers. The company is ranked as number one organization in terms of value share in the year of 2016[6]. It had been analyzed that retailing industry in Australia will increase at a value of CAGR of 3% over the next forecast period[7]. It will be largely driven by garden and home specialist retailers and online retailing. It is expected that these categories of retail industry will show strong growth due to growing demand for new houses and due to faster adoption of new technologies and online services. There were two major factors that have affected the Australian retail market the most. They are such as Government policies and the subdued lending environment. The election of new coalition Australian government in 2013 had come up with two major factors[8]. The government has announced the withdrawal of government subsidies for many retail organizations. For this reason, various local retail groceries have closed their operation in Australia. The government has renewed the focus on the reduction of federal debt reduction to handle the national deficit leading to the viewpoint of tax increment and deep cuts to family benefits. In addition, banking sector has also become the subject of capital adequacy reforms designed to protect the retail industry. It would help to secure the retail industry from unexpected fluctuations and promote stability to this industry. In term of future, it had been analyzed that, Omni channel retailing is going to be more relevant now than ever. In order to improve sales performance in future, retail companies have to combine brick and mortar operation with digital strategies. Rise of Smartphone adoption will increase online retail selling. In future online marketing will become the most important promotion and advertising strategy. There are various in-store technology can be used as effective marketing tool to increase sales performance. They are such as digital signage, interactive screens, self serve kiosks and online product directories. Presently it has been found that 49% of the Australian customers would like purchase products with the help of apps than a browser. For this reason, retail companies such as Woolsworth and Wesfarmers have started to incorporate mobile apps in their Omni-channel marketing strategy. The Australian grocery retail had experienced a positive growth in the year of 2016. This high rate of growth in this sector can be explained by the success of discounters within the country. However, the growth of this industry is restricted by price discounting and intense amount of competition. These factors have hindered the growth rate of the grocery retailer s during the year. Rapid technology advancements provide retail companies the opportunities to engage consumer in-store. It has been found that perception of many marketers in the retail market is that the lending practices have also become constrained. It had also affected the commercial growth and customer credit. Topic 2 Global Retail Business Hypothesis: H0: Global retail business is changing due to market competition H1: Global retail business is not changing due to market competition Supermarkets and grocery retail industry is competitive not only in Australia but also in other parts of the world. The level of competitiveness is due to the change in consumer trends of the shopping their necessary goods from the market as well as changing sentiments. The change in the consumer sentiments has also changed the trading pattern of the supermarket retail industry all over the world[9]. Global supermarket retail industry has showed the growth of many popular supermarkets such as Tesco, Walmart, Aldi, Woolworths, Metcash, etc. It is seen that the supermarket retailers of Australia are adapting the trends of the demands of the customers that are responsible for the increase of footprints in the retail stores. They are facing the competition to meet the higher expectation of the customers in terms of convenience, freshness of the foods, transparency, standard of foods and other products served by it[10]. The trends that the retail supermarkets across the world are adopting are categorized into groups such as authentication of the fresh foods, convergence concepts that are convenience driven, impact of the changing regulations, creating opportunities to the workforce and consolidation of the operational movements. Companies are going to focus on the product differentiation focusing on the niche segment of customers. The addition of the online retailing and click and col lect options are more competitive than the traditional supermarket stores of different parts of the world[11]. On the other hand, it can be said that the supermarkets in many parts of the world are facing issues in maintaining the workforce i.e. skilled technical workforce. The companies are facing different issues in terms of maintaining the workforce in terms of technical problems. The technical experts and skilled expertise are hard to find in many countries of the world. However, it is the responsibility of the retailers to take of their employees in terms of employee engagement and their satisfaction. The supermarkets are facing problems in order to maintain an adjustment of the operations to the different associates who are associated with managing an array of tasks[12]. Research has portrayed the fact that the need of technology is of first priority. In terms of facility management systems, the global retailers are utilizing different types of human centred design that are considered as enhancing connectivity and monitoring the capabilities that improves user interface, intuitive opera tion and usability. The changing regulations of the countries are factors that are responsible for creating any effect on the trading patterns of the different supermarket retailers across the world. The two regulations that are important in creating a significant change of the business patterns of the supermarket retailers are refrigerant regulation and Food Safety Modernization Act. It can be said that the refrigerant regulation changes focuses on the issues of energy efficiency and the refrigerants. This implication will help the retailers while adopting refrigerators that are manufactured by using latest technologies[13]. The FSMA regulation is responsible for reduction of food waste by the companies. The individual retailers and the grocers are responsible for maintaining the freshness level farm to table. The companies are focusing on increasing the footprints in order to boost their never ending strategy in the expansion plans. In terms of focusing on the trollies of the consumers, it is seen that the global supermarkets are focused in providing benefits to the shoppers in order to improve their shopping experience. Hence, the hypothesis of the topic can be said that the global supermarkets are constantly trying to follow the recent and future trends in order to attract more customers that results to increase in the sales. It can be concluded that the global supermarket retail chains across the world are competitive in nature while developing their research and development department in order to imply the product differentiation by adopting different types of pricing strategies to attract the customers of the specific target market. It is seen that the top retail companies are competing with each other not only in terms of price but also in terms of attracting more customers. . It can be said that the food retail industry across the world are simultaneously differentiating and consolidating. It is known by conducting research to the market regarding the integrity and safety of the foods they maintain in order to satisfy the consumers of the countries. Topic 3 Consumer Demands Hypothesis: H0: Global market strategies depend on the changing perspectives of consumers H1: Global market strategies does not depend on the changing perspectives of consumers Demands of the consumers are important aspect in the perspective of developing strategies of the global supermarket retail chains. Preferences of the consumers are the main criteria that businesses of every sector follow while standing apart in the competitive market in terms of different business operations such as revenue, customers, product expansion, market expansion, etc. The section will focus on the effect of changing patterns of the consumer demands in the perspective of shopping attributes and perception of choosing things especially food and other grocery items. There are also some problems that are faced by the global supermarket chains along with the supermarkets of Australia. Food and retail transition among the supermarket retail are caused due to the change in the consumers choice especially in terms of food items. The British people are known for consuming more calories when compared with other people of the different countries of the world. The transitional middle-income group is known for more consumption of processed foods that have very high in energy and salt content. These foods are known as problem foods because these foods are responsible of creating risks of different types of diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases. Research has been done not only to the supermarkets across different parts of the world but also to the consumers who are considered as the shoppers. It can be said that more than 85% of the respondents are preferring supermarkets for buying their essential things[14]. Among them, almost half of the consumers are regularly visiting the supermarkets and the convenience stores. They are focused in buying foods those are healthy and do es not contain more fat. The consumers purchase fresh bakeries, vegetables and different organic foods more than processed meats, soft drinks, fast foods, deep fried foods, instant foods, etc.) Apart from that, the supermarkets focus on the service quality, customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction and the self-checkout service for increasing the customer loyalty and the increase of the sales. The technological advancements of the supermarkets are responsible for increase of the sales of their products as well as setting various programs for the development of customer loyalty programs. Apart from that, self-service checkouts must be improved so that the customers are not facing any rush while shopping in the supermarkets. Tesco has improved their clubcards and other applications that help them in shopping at Tesco very easily[15]. Customized offers and discounts are set by the company to engage the shoppers to shop at Tesco. Aldi, Tesco, develops mobile applications so that customers can choose their products easily and can avail many benefits. New product development especially in terms of foods is the reason of changing patterns of the customers towards consumption of foods. The concept of e-retailing is also on demand that is responsible for attracting most of the youngsters. The youngsters are usually tech savvy and are focused to the latest trends of fashion on different items. Hence, the retailers are developing products according to the latest trends by keeping the price margin quite affordable. However, it can be said that different retailers across the world are focusing on global supply chain for seeking the benefits of lower cost in terms of agri-food supply chains[16]. The supermarket retail chains of United States of America are focusing on the just in time so that they can distribute the products to the customers in a proper time[17]. It can be concluded that American retailers such as Walmart, British retailer Tesco and German retailer Aldi are known for implementation of technologies by conducting a proper research on the customers of their areas of operations. The methods and the discounts are different from one country to another country. The food retailers are considered to as more focus to the demands and preferences of the customers. New food products along with customer service techniques are developed as per the choices and shopping patterns of the customers of their target markets. It can be said that supermarkets from all parts of the world are strongly agree about the fact of following the changing shopping patterns of the consumers of their target market in order to sustain in the target market. Topic 4 Independence Groceries Hypothesis: H0: The Supermarket giants rule the global retail industry H1: The Supermarket giants does not rule the global retail industry The big multinational supermarket retail giants rule global food and grocery markets. However, the importance of the independence groceries or the local retailers is considered as an important contributor of the economy of different countries. It can be said that the local grocers have a particular market share in many parts of the countries. The section will describe about the facts about the local grocery retailers of the world[18]. Local retailers in many undeveloped and developing countries are still preferred by huge customers in the rural areas. There is a sentiment that works behind the preference of choosing local groceries over big supermarkets. However, there are many advantages while shopping from a supermarket when compared to local grocery retailers, but the trust factor is more in the local shops than the big supermarkets. Apart from that, rural people rely on trust factor than other factors of price and availability of the goods. In the rural areas of different countries these things happen. On the contrary, the residents dwelling in the urban areas are focused to shop from the supermarket retail shops as they are price sensitive and the availability of the products are huge compared to the local retail shops[19]. There are many schemes and offers that the customers can avail while shopping from retail stores of Walmart, Tesco, Metcash, Coles, etc. There is a fact of going digital that is an area of top priority. It is seen that the supermarkets are going online in order to engage customers in the 24*7 shopping. They also provide extra discounts and offers in order to attract customer base. The huge varieties of products except groceries are a reason of threat for the local retailers. The different ranges of food products along with other daily requirement essential products are huge in number in terms of the quantity. Apart from that, the quality of the products in supermarkets is also high from that of the local retailers. It is the reason of the preference of the urban customers while shopping at the supermarkets[20]. To compete with the competitors, local retailers of many developed and developing countries like Germany, France, Malaysia, China, Japan, India, etc. are developing their operations in their target market. The target market of the local retailers is relatively very small compared to the big multinational retail stores. The strategies include lower price of the products. The most important is the use of the concept of convenience stores. The convenient stores are present in many local areas where consumers usually seek. Apart from the groceries items, the local grocery retailers are now storing different essential products that are required in the daily life of the consumers[21]. Research has showed that huge customers base is shifted towards the convenient store format of the local retailers. The element of trust factor is enhanced by the owner of the shops in order to convince them to buy goods from their shops. Technologies are also used by them in the operations of distribution maintain stocks in the stores, inventory level maintenance, etc. while maintaining the stock of the shop up to date. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be mentioned that retail industry of Australia is increasing rapidly. However, the increment rate had been decreased compare to 2015. This is due to the reason that customers remain cautious about their spending during the whole year due to low level of income growth. People are becoming more inclined towards high quality products. Online retailing has become more important compare store retailing. Customers have become more concern about hygienic products. Omni channel marketing has become important part of marketing technique used in retail market. Companies like Coles, Woolworths and Wesfarmers have incorporated this strategy to enhance their business performance. References Azizul Islam, Muhammad and Ameeta Jain, "Workplace Human Rights Reporting: A Study Of Australian Garment And Retail Companies" (2013) 23Australian Accounting Review Brenes, Esteban R., Luciano Ciravegna and Daniel Montoya, "Super Selectos: Winning The War Against Multinational Retail Chains" (2015) 68Journal of Business Research Burch, David, Jane Dixon and Geoffrey Lawrence, "Introduction To Symposium On The Changing Role Of Supermarkets In Global Supply Chains: From Seedling To Supermarket: Agri-Food Supply Chains In Transition" (2012) 30Agriculture and Human Values Cameron, Adrian J. et al, "Do The Foods Advertised In Australian Supermarket Catalogues Reflect National Dietary Guidelines?" [2015]Health Promotion International Carlos Fandos Roig, Juan et al, "Social Value In Retail Banking" (2013) 31International Journal of Bank Marketing Charwak, B., "Pattern Of Retail Marketing" (2013) 6Adarsh Journal of Management Research Cuneo, Andres et al, "The Growth Of Private Label Brands: A Worldwide Phenomenon?" (2015) 23Journal of International Marketing Demirci Orel, Fatma and Ali Kara, "Supermarket Self-Checkout Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, And Loyalty: Empirical Evidence From An Emerging Market" (2014) 21Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services Doherty, Bob, Alastair Smith and Sara Parker, "Fair Trade Market Creation And Marketing In The Global South" (2015) 67Geoforum Elder, Sara D. and Peter Dauvergne, "Farming For Walmart: The Politics Of Corporate Control And Responsibility In The Global South" (2015) 42The Journal of Peasant Studies Gadalla, Eman, Kathy Keeling and Ibrahim Abosag, "Metaverse-Retail Service Quality: A Future Framework For Retail Service Quality In The 3D Internet" (2013) 29Journal of Marketing Management Kelly, Matthew et al, "Thailand's Food Retail Transition: Supermarket And Fresh Market Effects On Diet Quality And Health" (2014) 116British Food Journal Krisjanti, Wenefrida Mahestu Noviandra,The Effects Of Cultural Adaption In Immigrants' Purchasing Of Store Brands(1st ed, 2012) Macfadyen, Sarina et al, "The Role Of Food Retailers In Improving Resilience In Global Food Supply" (2015) 7Global Food Security Makandar, N, "A Review Of Contemporary Retail Formats In Emerging Australia" (2013) 43Australian Journal of Marketing Makandar, N., "a study on referral marketing" [2014]ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Retail Management Marcondes e Santos, Renata Borini, "Analysis Of The Economic And Environmental Benefits Through The Reverse Logistics For Retail" (2014) 3American Journal of Environmental Protection Ochieng, E.G. et al, "Integration Of Energy Efficient Technologies In UK Supermarkets" (2014) 67Energy Policy Raff, Horst and Nicolas Schmitt, "Manufacturers And Retailers In The Global Economy" (2016) 49Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'conomique Srivastava, R. K., "Role Of Music On Perceived Price In Retail Stores" (2013) 43Australian Journal of Marketing Winson, Anthony and Jin Young Choi, "Dietary Regimes And The Nutrition Transition: Bridging Disciplinary Domains" [2016]Agriculture and Human Values

Alcotts Luminous Crystals essays

Alcotts Luminous Crystals essays Robert Alcotts Luminous Crystals were truly beautiful, amazing works of art. It was my first time to an art show and I was able to attend the opening so that made it an even more memorable experience. I was very impressed by his work found it truly beautiful. It was unreal to me that they were all so different but all taken of crystals. It is almost unbelievable that such astonishing colors and variety among the pictures could all be produced from these laboratory grown crystals. The images vary in just about every aspect possible, but all contain the principles of design along with numerous visual elements. Some of his photographs were filled with every color on the spectrum. For example, # 10 and # 18 contained a variation of every color on the color wheel. They are filled with every vibrant color, and each is easily distinguished from the rest. Then there were others such as # 78 and # 100 that were more of an analogous color scheme using blues, browns, and white. #78 also a very spherical, symmetrical feeling to it. # 27 showcases colors from the cool side of the color wheel. All of Alcotts pictures are beautiful displays of color. Color is the most obvious visual element present in all the photographs but there are others that can be seen as well. Implied texture was another element that was seen in many of Alcotts works. Some of the paintings appeared to be very smooth and looked like flower petals. # 10 and #27 both had this appearance of petals. # 100 also resembled a flower but it looked more like a dried plant. The texture appeared to be that of straw if you were to touch it. #18 also had texture that you would believe you could touch. # 2 appeared to be representative of a landscape featuring snowy mountains and trees. All of Alcotts photographs are purely abstract but it is still possible that different images would appear to different people. ...

Material Science Lab Report Tensile Creep Test Essay Example

Material Science Lab Report Tensile Creep Test Essay Example Material Science Lab Report Tensile Creep Test Essay Material Science Lab Report Tensile Creep Test Essay It become necessary to test engineering materials before they are accepted for processing, buying or applying to determine whatever or not they meet the spefications required. One of the tests is hardness test. The Rockwell and brinell machines are those most commonly used for this purpose. PROCUDURE AND LABORATORY REPORT 1. Understad thoroughly the operation of each machine, and check its operation before proceeding. 2.Check the calibration of the Rockwell machines with standard calibration test blocks for the scale selected. 3. Using the appropriate scale a. Check the hardness of each test specimen on Rockwell test machine. b. Tabulate the results. c. Convert all readings to either Rb or Rc values. d. Apply the cylindrical correction factors for cylindrical specimens. 4. Using the hardness conversation chart, find the tensile strength of the steel samples. OPERATIONS OF HARDNESS TESTING EQUIPMENT The following operation guide is a general one. Follow it carefully and observe caution and care at every step of the operation.No motion of any controls should be abrupt or using too much force, both of which would damage the instrument. Step 1: Calibration Operate the tester using both test blocks and record what you get and what they are supposed to be. Thus you can scale your data accordingly be as close as the correct numbers corresponding to the actual hardness. Step 2: testing to sample STEP BY STEP OPERATION 1. Selected the correct combination of weights and penetrators for the hardness scale you wish to use . 2. Make certain that the crank is in forward position. . Place sample on the anvil. 4. Slowly turn the wheel spokes clockwise. This raises the anvil and sample away toward the penetrator tip. After contact is gently made, continue raising sample until small pointer is about in line with small black dot and larger pointer is within colored sector. The minor load has now been applied to the sample. 5. After 4th step larger pointer on the dial is nearly vertical . Now turn the knurled collard until set’ line on the dial scale is in line with larger pointer. 6. Depress trip lever . his triggers the mechanism that applies the major load. Crank will automatically move away from you. 7. After crank has come to rest gently pull the crank toward you as far as it will go. If this is done abruptly a false reading will be obtained because of jarring. 8. Then record the scale reading of large pointer . the black scale is read for the diamond penetrator and the red scale is for ball penetrators. 9. Remove the minor load which remains on the specimen by lowering the anvil the wheel counterclockwise . move the sample to posisition for next test and repeat the steps above.

The Crime of Computer Tampering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Crime of Computer Tampering - Essay Example The first has to do with the fact that there was every evidence that the defendant used the computer program unauthorized. This part of the debate may not be as much argumentative as the second, which has to do with the intension with which the defendant shut the computer down even though that action of shutting the computer down destroyed important computer data. In the first instance, not much can be said in favor of the defendant because he was guilty of the count of not seeking permission. But as far as the law on computer tampering does not come clear on whether or not a person must break both parts of the law before the person could be charged, lawyers of the defendant could still have a lot to argue in court. They could for example ask for evidence that the defendant took his action intensionally and base on that to plead for him. With reference to the court not accepting the defense that the defendant was not guilty of altering the programs because he did not change them, very little could be said in the defendant’s favor because the law only determines the end result and not the means to the end. Actually, as far as the single action of shutting down the computer resulted in the destruction of some the functioning of the computer, there is no way such defense could be

Corporate responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Corporate responsibility - Essay Example The chief business drivers are: It is turning obvious that leading companies of the future will have tasks and plans to continually enhance shareholder worth but as an essential part of those policies will also identify and proceed upon the latent for: Companies do not recompense the full costs of their impact. For example the costs of cleaning pollution frequently fall on society in common. As a result profits of corporations are improved at the cost of environmental or social welfare. Whilst directives are required in certain conditions, over regulation creates blockades to access into a market. These barriers raise the opportunities for surplus profits, to the delight of the market contributors, but do little to serve the interests of people as a whole. One of the outstanding improvements in the vicinity of business through the past thirty years is the rise to eminence of corporate responsibility. ... In order to draw quality workers, it is crucial for companies to propose better pay and conditions which directs to an overall augment in standards and to prosperity creation. Investment in less developed countries adds to the wellbeing of those societies, despite that these countries have fewer protections in place for workers. Whilst directives are required in certain conditions, over regulation creates blockades to access into a market. These barriers raise the opportunities for surplus profits, to the delight of the market contributors, but do little to serve the interests of people as a whole.Emergence of Corporate Responsibility (CR) One of the outstanding improvements in the vicinity of business through the past thirty years is the rise to eminence of corporate responsibility. Corporate responsibility (CR) has appeared as the leading metaphorical casing for the legitimating contemporary capitalism. While supporting the quest of profits for shareholders / owners, CR pressurizes the answerability of corporations towards a wider network of stakeholders, and for communal and ecological outcomes more normally. Consequently, CR sets a larger outlook of self-interest than is ordered by free-market convention. Rhetorically, CR appeals to defenders and to critics of the worldwide socioeconomic status quo. CR is potentially a hegemonic idea because it accomplishes significant practical necessities of universal capitalism, while being acquiescent enough to lodge critics of the status quo too. In either case, CR is neither monolithic nor evenly distributed. There is considerable disparity in the excellence and extent of CR participation, as well as in the time of CR commencement in different authorities. By 'corporate responsibility'

A Comparison of Taylor and Fayols Management Theories

A Comparison of Taylor and Fayols Management Theories Introduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss the two management philosophies from Taylor’s and Henri Fayol’s. One management theory is focus on task while another is focus on people. Both theories have made contributions in modern management practices. We will discuss the theories and outline their efficiency and effectiveness in the current firms. FW Taylor Philosophy Taylor’s management theory focuses on task management. This theory is called â€Å"scientific management† or â€Å"Taylorism†. He found that two different workers performing the same task will have different outcome and the number of output. He categorized them as first class worker and average worker (Sheldrake J, 2003a). The first class workers are highly motivated and work efficiently rather than wasting time or restricting output. They are ideal works for many industries, but not all workers are first class workers, most of them are average workers. They only work slow and easy until the wages they get paid. As the result, it drives down the production efficiency, because workers are not motivated. Thus, Tayloer’s task management develops the theory to show how to motivate workers toward a greater work performance and productivity. This theory is important to many industries firms; it helps them to using less time to increase more production efficiency. This management benefits firms create more output while still paying fair wage to the workers. The aim for this theory is to reduce inefficiency toward the output performance. Taylor suggested the wage levels based on output which means the workers will only be paid by the amount of their productivity. The more output they produced, the more wage they are paid. Thus, it drives their motivation toward a better standard. It doesn’t just increase the efficiency, but also reduce the working hours. There are seven approaches to improve the productivity in this theory. Select the appreciated workers and observe them to perform the tasks. Then record the time taken for each task and identify the quickest method. The last three are providing training, supervise workers to ensure the â€Å"best way† is carried out and pay workers on the basis of results (St impson P F. A, 2010). In order to apply Taylor’s approaches, the task has to be specialized, so workers don’t have to be trained all the time and always under-supervised. However, Taylor’s task management has two advantages and two disadvantages. When we look at work specialization, it can increase the efficiency by using the minimum resources such as time or labor. It means that it is not helpful if the output is produced at the maximum outcome while waste many resources. Using minimum resources to produce the maximum result increases the work efficiency and also production efficiency. The other advantage from Taylor’s theory, a specialized work means a profession. The problems will be solved easily, because workers are clearly known what went wrong and how to solve the problems. Workers are always familiar with what they do, so they won’t waste time on finding out the solution for specific problem. Therefore, the work specialization doesn’t just explain the effi ciency in outcome, but also increase the efficiency in process. On the other hand, there are two disadvantages on work specialization. The first one is a specialized work always make workers feel board, because they are doing the same thing at the same time for 40 hours a week, 365 days a year. As the result, It can cause many problems such as workers feel sick at their work. In addition, they won’t be careful on every single task which leads mistakes. Hence, work specialization is only beneficial in the short-run, because in the long-run, the work can become inefficient when workers making a lot of mistakes. The other disadvantage is high cost if the workers are resigned, retired or anything that makes them to stop work in the firm. The costs are included firms spending money to look for another new workers and it takes time for them to familiarize the task. In addition, the skills that were taught in the training, workers could reveal the skills to other competitor firms. It can be a cost as well. Thus, we can see that work specializatio n doesn’t necessarily exact management. Even though the efficiency in output results increases, but other factors will drive the efficiency down. Henri Fayol’s Philosophy In the Henri Fayol’s theory, he focuses on the administration and learning experience from people in the management. In his philosophy, he thinks that to manage people (worker), a firm should have a tight control. He has discovered 14 approaches and only few will be explained in this essay (Sheldrake J, 2003b). The first one is division of work; it doesn’t mean work specialization, but workers share different task to different activities. It is slightly different than Taylor’s, the work here specialized the activities or departments rather than work specialized. Subsequently, it is authority, a firm should decide who has the power to command or give order to employees. The power flow is important, because without a clear authority, it is difficult to make the final decision inside the firms. A clear discipline is essential, because it is the agreement between firm and employees. The discipline can keep workers have an appreciate behavior. The discipline also shows a clear warnings, fines, suspensions, demotions and dismissals if workers are out of the line (Sheldrake J, 2003b) The third approach is unity of command, it is similar with authority, but it shows a clear command of orders. It means that workers will only listen to only one command and no one else. Without the chain of command, the workers are always confused who should they listen to. The next approach is centralization which means whether the decision is made by top manager or in the lower managers. There are some departments in a firm, centralized decision means only one person; the top manager makes the final decision. On the other hand, decentralized is the decisions can be made by lower managers when it is related to their field of activities. The last one is equality; a firm should treat every workers the same no matter their performance. Everyone should be equal and have certain power to speak or have a say (Sheldrake J, 2003b). There are again two advantages and disadvantages in Henri Fayol’s philosophy. It is difficult to identify them in the general management, but some approaches are useful and also have limitations. We can find them from centralization structure. The advantage from centralization is tight control. The top manager always knows what’s going on inside the firm. However, the disadvantage is time inefficiency. On the other hand, a decentralized structure can also have advantage and disadvantage. If the decision is made in the lower management department, it could save a lot of time to process the information to the top manager. The reason is the decision is made immediately by the lower manager; it is time efficient, because the problems/issues will be solved immediately rather than ask the permission. However, because the information is limited in the lower management department, as the result, the decision can be erroneous. Hence, if the decision is made by the entire lower d epartments, those decisions are not consistent to each other. The other approach from Henri Fayol’s will also have advantage and disadvantage. For example, the authority, a grant permission to all the power to one manager. It can be a disaster, because he might not listen to other people’s opinions or ideas. It can cause the firms have gone terribly just because he has made a huge mistakes. On the other hand, it is time efficiency and a clear responsible person if there are small mistakes. For an instance, too many ideas in the discussion, it takes a lot of times to process and choose the final decision. However, if one person has authority, he could make the decision immediately without another word. Efficiency and effectiveness In the modern management practices, Taylor’s management can only be helpful in some situation. We have seen that the work focuses have ignored many human requirements. Unlike the workers in the past, the workers these days demand more their personal desires, wants and rights. They cannot stand doing the same work for everyday in their life. It is not just about emotional whether they feel bored. However, also they want to do more other works that doesn’t have to sit there all day or cannot have fresh air. This type of management requires workers psychologically fit in the position. For example, some old or retired people, because they cannot do too much physical works, but are patient at specialized works which is more interesting than doing nothing. In order to solve the problems, workers should switch the works between each other frequently. It means this month they specialized this part of components and doing the other in the next month. As the result, it can avoid to ignore human requirements. However, this management theory is the best concept to demonstrate the work efficiency. If a firm wants to maximize the work efficiency immediately in the short-run without caring other issues, this is probably the best and the most suitable ways. Moreover, job specialization creates a clear work tasks for workers and the owner. In the company’s administration, the manager knows who responsible to which activities, so it can minimize the conflicts inside the firm. The reason is a clear administrative, shirk or push away their responsibilities which is easier for the manager and workers. In the modern’s management, Fayol’s theory is widely used, because it concerns many factors in work force such as authority, chain of command or centralization. Without these approaches, even though the productivity is efficient, but it would cause many problems inside the environment and makes workers unwilling to stay with the firm. Fayol’s theory makes management practice less complicated. For example, without authority, it will cause many conflicts that nobody is listening to anyone. The reason is they think they have power to make the decision and when it decision is made differently, the firm will not doing the same job toward the same purpose of it. Subsequently, without the unit of command, workers are confused who should they listen to. Whose order is right for them and who should hold the responsibilities for their works? It is not easy to blame or reward everybody just because one task has done great. The person who gives orders or command also represents the team to receive the request from the owner or the firm. As the result, he/she would arrange the schedule or assign the works separately to the workers. If the unit of command is successes, it can increase the efficiency of internal communication as well. Therefore, with the modern management practices, there are so many workers and my works inside a firm, Fayol’s management theory is very popular and widely used in current management practice. Conclusion In conclusion, the two management theories have made certain contribution in current management work force. They are still un-forgettable nowadays. References Sheldrake J, (2003a), Management Theory, Chapter 2 F.W. Taylor and scientific management, pg 14 – 26, 2nd ed, Thomson learning, Retrieved 25 February 2015 Sheldrake J, (2003b), Management Theory, Chapter 5 Henri Fayol and administration, pg 46 – 55, 2nd ed, Thomson learning, Retrieved 26 February 2015 Stimpson P Farquharson A, (2010), Business Studies, Chapter 9 Motivation, Pg 156, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, Retrieved 25 February 2015